超級月亮真的與地球太陽成一直線嗎?

有位朋友問我,為什麼NASA的網頁都是寫「Earth, Moon and sun are all in a line」?其實我七年前寫過一篇文章《月球小知識:月有陰晴圓缺》,趁現在再解釋一次。

NASA的文章可能希望讀者易於理解,把答案簡化了許多。總而言之,NASA的答案基於「假設太陽系是個二維平面」。

首先我們要想像飛出太陽系,從太陽系的「上面」或「下面」看地球、月亮和太陽,我們就會看見一個二維「平面」。基本上就是想像我們平時用相機拍照,把三維空間放進二維影像裡面一樣。

這樣的話,地球、月亮和太陽不單會在「超級滿月」時「成一直線」,三者每隔大約14天就會「成一直線」一次,因為月球繞地球公轉週期大約是28天。而且每14天就會梅花間竹發生一次日食或月食!

總而言之,當地球、月亮和太陽「成一直線」就會發生月食,跟月亮「超級不超級」無關。月球的繞地公轉平面(稱為白道面)與地球的繞日公轉平面(稱為黃道面),兩者之間有個大約5度的夾角,加上月球公轉軌道是楕圓形的,才會離地球又遠又近。

那麼究竟這次所謂的「超級」月球,有多「超級」?Well, 且讓我引Neil deGrasse Tyson的比喻:「如果你覺得一個16吋pizza比一個15吋pizza算得上是『超級大』的話,那麼今次月球也是『超級大』的。」

舊文《月球小知識:月有陰晴圓缺》傳送門:

https://bit.ly/3ALUUR5

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By David Yu

David Yu is the father of Simba and an Astrophysicist. He obtained his PhD in Astrophysics from the Max Planck Institute of Extraterrestrial Physics, Germany. He was formerly a postdoc at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, and is currently a lecturer at the University of Hong Kong. He served as the host of the RTHK TV31 programme Science Night, the Depute Editor-in-Chief of the Taiwanese Science Magazine Physics Bimonthly, and the Science Consultant of Stand News. The books he authored include Dr David’s 21 Mysteries of The Universe (2021), Space – A Down-to-Earth Astrophysicist (2021), Time – A Spacetime Journey of Astronomy and Physics (2019), and Secrets from the Stars (2017).

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