論教育

理查.費曼 (Richard Feynman) 晚年曾接受電視台訪問他關於教育的看法。他說:「不存在『你要以算術去做』或『你要以代數去做』這種事情。這是他們在學校裡發明出來的虛假陳述,使得要學習代數的學生們就可以合格。」

去年網絡流傳一張美國 grade 3 數學功課的照片,問題是 5 x 3。功課要求 “do it by repeated addition”。學生寫 5 + 5 + 5,仍然是錯。原來教學指引寫 5 x 3 “is five groups of three”,所以「正確」答案是 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3。

今天又流傳一張台灣小學三年級數學功課的照片,問題是 901 – _95 = 106,求 _ 內應填什麼數字。小學生填上了 7,更給出了直式減法解釋 901 – 795 = 106,因此 _ 內應填 7。這是完美的數學推導過程。可是,老師用紅筆說錯,因為學生「應該」用「約數」去推論 901 ~ 900,106 ~ 100,所以 901 – 106 ~ 900 – 100 = 800,而 795 ~ 800,因此 _ 內應填 7。

這是教育的悲哀。教育當局發明了這種沒有意思的規則要學生遵守。遵守的人就可以得到分數。數學裡根本沒有所謂正確的方法,數學只在乎合邏輯與否。如果 5 x 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3,那麼 5.1 x 3.7 呢?Pi x 2 呢?虛數 i x 10 呢?

There is no such a thing as you do it by arithmetic or do it by algebra. It is a false statement that they had invented in school. So that the children who have to study algebra can all pass it.

費曼早在三十年前的電視節目上批評過這種機械式的教學方法扼殺學生的思維和創意,學生根本不明白他們在做什麼。我相信,教育應該令學生感到學習是有趣的。我們要令孩子們愛上學習,引導他們思考問題,而不是強逼他們背誦人為的規則。

這就是為什麼我以寫網誌、拍影片的方式分享我所喜愛的科學。因為學問本應是有趣的,學習本應是愉快的。我覺得物理學好有趣、科學好有趣、數學也好有趣,所以我想跟其他人分享我感受到的喜悅。謹此而已。我希望我的下一代能夠以快樂的方式學習他感興趣的東西。

費曼引言影片:

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By David Yu

David Yu is the father of Simba and an Astrophysicist. He obtained his PhD in Astrophysics from the Max Planck Institute of Extraterrestrial Physics, Germany. He was formerly a postdoc at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, and is currently a lecturer at the University of Hong Kong. He served as the host of the RTHK TV31 programme Science Night, the Depute Editor-in-Chief of the Taiwanese Science Magazine Physics Bimonthly, and the Science Consultant of Stand News. The books he authored include Dr David’s 21 Mysteries of The Universe (2021), Space – A Down-to-Earth Astrophysicist (2021), Time – A Spacetime Journey of Astronomy and Physics (2019), and Secrets from the Stars (2017).

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